β-Lactam Exposure Triggers Reactive Oxygen Species Formation in Enterococcus faecalis via the Respiratory Chain Component DMK

Publication date: 19 November 2019Source: Cell Reports, Volume 29, Issue 8Author(s): Loïc Léger, Aurélie Budin-Verneuil, Margherita Cacaci, Abdellah Benachour, Axel Hartke, Nicolas VerneuilSummaryWhereas the primary actions of β-lactams are well characterized, their downstream effects are less well understood. Although their targets are extracellular, β-lactams stimulate respiration in Escherichia coli leading to increased intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that β-lactams over a large concentration range trigger a strong increase in ROS production in Enterococcus faecalis under aerobic, but not anaerobic, conditions. Both amoxicillin, to which the bacterium is susceptible, and cefotaxime, to which E. faecalis is resistant, triggers this response. This stimulation of ROS formation depends mainly on demethylmenaquinone (DMK), a component of the E. faecalis respiratory chain, but in contrast to E. coli is observed only in the absence of respiration. Our results suggest that in E. faecalis, β-lactams increase electron flux through the respiratory chain, thereby stimulating the auto-oxidation of reduced DMK in the absence of respiration, which triggers increased extracellular ROS production.Graphical Abstract
Source: Cell Reports - Category: Cytology Source Type: research