Modifiable risk and protective factors in disease development, progression and clinical subtypes of Parkinson's disease: What do prospective studies suggest?

Modifiable risk and protective factors in disease development, progression and clinical subtypes of Parkinson's disease: What do prospective studies suggest? Neurobiol Dis. 2019 Nov 06;:104671 Authors: Belvisi D, Pellicciari R, Fabbrini G, Tinazzi M, Berardelli A, Defazio G Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose pathogenesis depends on a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The aim of the present review was to provide an updated description of the findings emerging from prospective longitudinal cohort studies on the possible risk/protective factors underlying the development, progression and clinical subtypes of PD. We reviewed all the environmental, lifestyle, dietary, comorbid and pharmacological factors that have been investigated as possible modifiable protective/risk factors for PD by longitudinal studies. Only a few factors have the epidemiological evidence and the biological plausibility to be considered risk (pesticides, dairy products, β2-adrenoreceptor antagonists) or protective (smoking, caffeine and tea intake, physical activity, gout, vitamin E intake, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and β2-adrenoreceptor agonists) factors for PD. Caffeine intake and physical activity also seem to slow down the progression of the disease, thus representing good candidates for primary prevention and disease modifying strategies in PD. Possible modifiable risk factors of PD subtypes is ...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - Category: Neurology Authors: Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research