Development of the chick wing and leg neuromuscular systems and their plasticity in response to changes in digit numbers.

Development of the chick wing and leg neuromuscular systems and their plasticity in response to changes in digit numbers. Dev Biol. 2019 Nov 04;: Authors: Luxey M, Berki B, Heusermann W, Fischer S, Tschopp P Abstract The tetrapod limb has long served as a paradigm to study vertebrate pattern formation. During limb morphogenesis, a number of distinct tissue types are patterned and subsequently must be integrated to form coherent functional units. For example, the musculoskeletal apparatus of the limb requires the coordinated development of the skeletal elements, connective tissues, muscles and nerves. Here, using light-sheet microscopy and 3D-reconstructions, we concomitantly follow the developmental emergence of nerve and muscle patterns in chicken wings and legs, two appendages with highly specialized locomotor outputs. Despite a comparable flexor/extensor-arrangement of their embryonic muscles, wings and legs show a rotated innervation pattern for their three main motor nerve branches. To test the functional implications of these distinct neuromuscular topologies, we challenge their ability to adapt and connect to an experimentally altered skeletal pattern in the distal limb, the autopod. Our results show that, unlike autopod muscle groups, motor nerves are unable to fully adjust to a changed peripheral organisation, potentially constrained by their original projection routes. As the autopod has undergone substantial morphological ...
Source: Developmental Biology - Category: Biology Authors: Tags: Dev Biol Source Type: research