Nanohydroxyapatite based ceramic carrier promotes bone formation in femoral neck canal defect in osteoporotic rats.

In this study we have used calcium sulphate/nanohydroxyapatite based nanocement (NC) as carrier of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), zoledronate (ZA) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived exosomes (EXO) to enhance bone formation and defect healing in femur neck canal defect model in osteoporotic rats. A cylindrical defect in femur neck canal with dimensions of 1 mm (diameter) ⅹ 8 mm (length) starting from later cortex towards the apex of femur head was developed. The defect was impacted using NC alone or functionalized as; a) NC+ZA (systemic), b) NC+ZA (local), c) NC+EXO+ZA and d) NC+BMP+ZA to evaluate bone formation by ex vivo micro-CT and histological analysis 16 weeks post-surgery. Moreover, the femurs (both defect and contralateral leg) were subjected to biomechanical analysis to assess the effect of treatments on compressive mechanical properties of bones. The treatment groups (NC+ZA (L), NC+BMP+ZA and NC+EXO+ZA) showed enhanced bone formation with complete healing of the defect. No differences in the mechanical properties of both the defect and contralateral across leg were observed among the groups. However, a trend was observed where NC+BMP+ZA showed enhanced biomechanical strength in defect leg. This suggests that NC could act as a potent carrier of bioactive molecules to reduce the risks of hip fractures in osteoporotic animals. This type of treatment can be given to patients who are at higher risk of osteoporosis mediated ...
Source: Biomacromolecules - Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tags: Biomacromolecules Source Type: research