Atomized intranasal vs intravenous fentanyl in severe renal colic pain management: A randomized single-blinded clinical trial

Pain is one of the most common complaints of patients referred to emergency departments [1]. Kidney stones affect approximately 1 in 11 people in the United States increasing to 1 in 5 among highest-risk groups [2]. The prevalence of renal stones has been reported as 5.7% in Iran. However, this rate may be influenced by age, sex, weight, diet and underlying diseases [3]. Accordingly, the prevalence of kidney stones increased in the late twentieth and through the twenty-first centuries. This has been attributed to a variety of factors including environmental changes, alterations in dietary habits, and increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine - Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Source Type: research