Brain Malignancies: Cancer Cell Trafficking in and out of the Niches
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2019Source: Seminars in Cancer BiologyAuthor(s): Tamara T. Lah, Metka Novak, Barbara BreznikAbstractBrain, the major organ of the central nervous system controls and processes most of our body activities and therefore the most aggressive brain tumor – glioblastoma and metastases from other organs to the bran are lethal, leaving the patients with very low survival time. The brain tissue landscape is very different from any other tissues and the specific microenvironment significantly shape up the glioblastoma local progression and metastasis out of the brain, as well as accommodates metastatic brain-invading cancer cells, mostly from lung, breast, melanoma and colorectal carcinoma.In contrast to low frequency (0.5%) of all glioblastoma metastases, from 10%- 45% of other primary cancers metastasize to the brain. In both cases, hematogenous spread of cancer prevails. This review is addressing cellular and molecular pathways that are to some extent similar in both types of metastases, involving circulating tumor cells (CTCa) with cancer stem cells (CSCa) characteristics. In glioblastoma, the metastatic CTCa (mCTCs) often express markers of mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cell subtype (MES-GSC), e.g. CD44 and YK-40, and the problems in their pathway to lymph nodes and other tissues seem to be related to finding the metastatic niches, which might be similar to the niches that home GSC in the primary glioblastoma. In brain metastases, th...
Source: Seminars in Cancer Biology - Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
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