Intranasal insulin treatment modulates the neurotropic, inflammatory, and oxidant mechanisms in the cortex and hippocampus in a low-grade inflammation model

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2019Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Kellen Ugioni Simon, Elias Wiggers Neto, Natalia dos Santos Tramontin, Paula Bortoluzzi Canteiro, Barbara da Costa Pereira, Rubya Pereira Zaccaron, Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira, Alexandre Pastoris MullerAbstractThe inflammatory process plays a critical role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Insulin is used in preclinical and clinical studies of neurological disorders. Its intranasal (IN) administration directly in the brain allows for its peripheral metabolic effects to be avoided. Swiss male mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.1 mg/kg) to induce low-grade inflammation. IN insulin treatment was initiated 4 h later at a dose of 1.7 IU once daily for 5 days. LPS induced cognitive deficits, which the IN insulin treatment reversed. LPS significantly decreased, whereas IN insulin significantly increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor-β in the cortex. In the hippocampus, IN insulin significantly decreased the BDNF level. LPS significantly increased the interleukin (IL)-6 levels in the cortex, while IN Insulin significantly decreased its levels in the hippocampus. The tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly decreased by IN insulin both in the cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, IN insulin significantly increased the IL-10 levels in the cortex. The levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress were significantly higher in...

Source: Peptides - October 20, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research