The Science of Addiction Through the Lens of Opioid Treatment for Chronic Noncancer Pain

Addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease.  It is not the same as physical dependence (i.e., withdrawal) and tolerance, but is characterized by loss of control over the use of the substance, continued use despite consequences, compulsive use, and cravings. Addiction involves functional changes to brain pathways involved in reward, stress a nd learning, and these changes can last a long time after the addictive substance is no longer used. Repeated interruption of normal brain function from repetitive use of addictive substances can hijack normal reward mechanisms resulting in fundamental alterations in brain structure and function.
Source: Pain Management Nursing - Category: Nursing Authors: Tags: Original Article Source Type: research