Impact of smoking on gingival inflammation in representative samples of three South American cities
In conclusion, the occurrence of clinically detectable gingival inflammation was lower in heavy smokers than light and moderate smokers. Older age, diabetes, and visible plaque emerged as risk indicators of gingivitis. Plaque and gingival indices are significantly associated regardless of the smoking status.
Source: Brazilian Oral Research - Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
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