Endothelial dysfunction in dyslipidaemia: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.

Endothelial dysfunction in dyslipidaemia: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Curr Med Chem. 2019 Sep 03;: Authors: Zaric B, Obradovic M, Trpkovic A, Banach M, Mikhailidis DP, Isenovic E Abstract The endothelium consists of a monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs) which form the inner cellular lining of veins, arteries, capillaries and lymphatic vessels. ECs interact with the blood and lymph. The endothelium fulfils functions such as vasodilatation, regulation of adhesion, infiltration of leukocytes, inhibition of platelet adhesion, vessel remodeling and lipoprotein metabolism. ECs synthesize and release compounds such as nitric oxide (NO), metabolites of arachidonic acid, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix. Endothelial dysfunction represents a phenotype prone to atherogenesis and may be used as a marker of atherosclerotic risk. Such dysfunction includes impaired synthesis and availability of NO and an imbalance in the relative contribution of endothelial-derived relaxing factors and contracting factors such as endothelin-1 and angiotensin. This dysfunction appears before the earliest anatomic evidence of atherosclerosis and could be an important initial step in further development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction was historically treated with vitamin C supplementation and L-arginine supplementation. Short term improvement of the expression of adhesion molecule and end...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - Category: Chemistry Authors: Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research