Cell type- and tissue-specific functions of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73).

Cell type- and tissue-specific functions of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2019 Aug 28;: Authors: Minor M, Alcedo KP, Battaglia RA, Snider NT Abstract CD73 is a ubiquitously-expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein that converts extracellular adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine. Anti-CD73 inhibitory antibodies are currently undergoing clinical testing for cancer immunotherapy. However, CD73 has many protective physiological functions that need to be taken into account for new targeted therapies. This review covers CD73 functions in multiple organ systems and cell types, with a particular focus on novel findings from the last 5 years. Missense loss-of-function mutations in the CD73-encoding gene (NT5E) cause the rare disease 'arterial calcifications due to deficiency of CD73' (ACDC). Aside from direct human disease involvement, cellular and animal model studies have revealed key functions of CD73 in tissue homeostasis and pathology across multiple organ systems. For example, in the context of the central nervous system (CNS), CD73 is anti-nociceptive and protects against inflammatory damage, while also contributing to age-dependent decline in cortical plasticity. CD73 preserves barrier function in multiple tissues, but this is most evident in the respiratory system, where it inhibits endothelial permeability in an adenosine-dependent manner. CD73 has important cardioprotecti...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - Category: Cytology Authors: Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research