Upper tract urothelial cancer

Upper tract transitional cell carcinoma is a lethal disease with half the patients dead within 5 years of diagnosis. Unlike urothelial tumours arising in the bladder, the disease is more likely to be invasive at the time of diagnosis and in part reflects the poorer prognosis. It is a biologically aggressive disease with a high chance of recurrence even after local control. Diagnosis is made by a combination of upper tract imaging, urine cytology and ureteroscopic biopsy. Organ-confined disease is amenable to radical surgery, whereas superficial low-grade disease may be managed endoscopically.
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - Category: Surgery Authors: Tags: Renal and urological surgery II Source Type: research