Chapter Three - Exacerbation of blood-brain barrier breakdown, edema formation, nitric oxide synthase upregulation and brain pathology after heat stroke in diabetic and hypertensive rats. Potential neuroprotection with cerebrolysin treatment

Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 146Author(s): Dafin Fior Muresanu, Aruna Sharma, Ranjana Patnaik, Preeti K. Menon, Herbert Mössler, Hari Shanker SharmaAbstractThere is a growing trend of hypertension among military and civilian populations due to lifetime stressful situations. If hypertension is uncontrolled it leads to development of diabetes and serious neurological complications. Most of the World populations live in temperate zone across the World. Thus, a possibility exists that these hypertensive and diabetic people may have external heat as potential risk factors for brain damage. We have seen brain edema and brain damage following exposure to heat stress at 38 °C for 4 h. A possibility exists that heat exposure in diabetic-hypertensive (DBHY) cases exacerbates exacerbation of brain pathology and edema formation. This hypothesis is examined in a rat model. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in exacerbation of HS-induced brain pathology was also evaluated using nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity. Hypertensive rats (produced by two-kidney one clip (2K1C) method) were made diabetic with streptozotocine (50 mg/kg, i.p./day for 3 days) treatment. After 6 weeks, DBHY rats show 20–30 mM/L Blood Glucose and hypertension (180–200 mmHg). Subjection of these rats to 4 h HS resulted in six- to eightfold higher BBB breakdown, brain edema formation and brain pathology. At this time, neurona...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research