Gut Microbiota in Phytopharmacology: A Comprehensive Overview Of Concepts, Reciprocal Interactions, Biotransformations And Mode Of Actions

Publication date: Available online 22 July 2019Source: Pharmacological ResearchAuthor(s): Priyankar DeyAbstractThe dynamic and delicate interactions amongst intestinal microbiota, metabolome and metabolism dictates human of health and disease. In recent years, our understanding of gut microbial regulation of intestinal immunometabolic and redox homeostasis have evolved mainly out of studies related to in vivo studies associated with high-fat feeding induced metabolic diseases. Techniques utilizing fecal transplant and germ-free mice have been instrumental in reproducibly demonstrating how the gut microbiota affects disease pathogenesis. However, the pillars of modern drug discovery i.e. evidence-based pharmacological studies critically lack focus on intestinal microflora. This is primarily due to targeted in vitro molecular-studies at cellular-level that largely overlook the etiology of disease pathogenesis from the physiological perspective. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the key notions of intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis and highlight the microbiota-phytochemical bidirectional interactions that affects bioavailability and bioactivity of parent phytochemicals and their metabolites. Potentially by focusing on the three major aspects of gut microbiota i.e. microbial abundance, diversity, and functions, we will discuss phytochemical-microbiota reciprocal interactions, biotransformation of phytochemicals and plant-derived drugs, and pre-cl...
Source: Pharmacological Research - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research