Regulation of GKN1 expression in gastric carcinogenesis: A problem to resolve (Review).

Regulation of GKN1 expression in gastric carcinogenesis: A problem to resolve (Review). Int J Oncol. 2019 Jul 16;: Authors: Alarcón-Millán J, Martínez-Carrillo DN, Peralta-Zaragoza O, Fernández-Tilapa G Abstract Gastrokine 1 (GKN1) is a protein expressed on the surface mucosa cells of the gastric antrum and fundus, which contributes to maintaining gastric homeostasis, inhibits inflammation and is a tumor suppressor. The expression of GKN1 decreases in mucosa that are either inflamed or infected by Helicobacter pylori, and is absent in gastric cancer. The measurement of circulating GKN1 concentration, the protein itself, or the mRNA in gastric tissue may be of use for the early diagnosis of cancer. The mechanisms that modulate the deregulation or silencing of GKN1 expression have not been completely described. The modification of histones, methylation of the GKN1 promoter, or proteasomal degradation of the protein have been detected in some patients; however, these mechanisms do not completely explain the absence of GKN1 or the reduction in GKN1 levels. Only NKX6.3 transcription factor has been shown to be a positive modulator of GKN1 transcription, although others also have an affinity with sequences in the promoter of this gene. While microRNAs (miRNAs) are able to directly or indirectly regulate the expression of genes at the post‑transcriptional level, the involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of GKN1 has not been report...
Source: International Journal of Oncology - Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tags: Int J Oncol Source Type: research