Metabolic Control via Nutrient Sensing Mechanisms: Role of Taste Receptors and the Gut-Brain Neuroendocrine Axis.

Metabolic Control via Nutrient Sensing Mechanisms: Role of Taste Receptors and the Gut-Brain Neuroendocrine Axis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jul 16;: Authors: Raka F, Farr S, Kelly J, Stoianov A, Adeli K Abstract Nutrient sensing plays an important role in ensuring that appropriate digestive or hormonal responses are elicited following the ingestion of fuel substrates. Mechanisms of nutrient sensing in the oral cavity have been fairly well-characterized and involve lingual taste receptors. These include heterodimers of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCRs) of the T1R family for sensing sweet (T1R2-T1R3) and umami (T1R1-T1R3) stimuli; the T2R family for sensing bitter stimuli; and ion channels for conferring sour and salty tastes. In recent years, several studies have revealed the existence of additional nutrient sensing mechanisms along the gastrointestinal tract. Glucose sensing is achieved by the T1R2-T1R3 heterodimer on enteroendocrine cells, which plays a role in triggering the secretion of incretin hormones for improved glycemic and lipemic control. Protein hydrolysates are detected by CaSR, the T1R1-T1R3 heterodimer and GPR92/93 which lead to the release of the gut-derived satiety factor CCK. Furthermore, several GPCRs have been implicated in fatty acid sensing: GPR40 and GPR120 respond to medium and long-chain fatty acids, GPR41 and GPR43 to short-chain fatty acids, and GPR119 to endogenous lipid derivatives. Aside from ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - Category: Physiology Authors: Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research