Viruses, Vol. 11, Pages 638: Human Norovirus Cultivation in Nontransformed Stem Cell-Derived Human Intestinal Enteroid Cultures: Success and Challenges

Viruses, Vol. 11, Pages 638: Human Norovirus Cultivation in Nontransformed Stem Cell-Derived Human Intestinal Enteroid Cultures: Success and Challenges Viruses doi: 10.3390/v11070638 Authors: Mary K. Estes Khalil Ettayebi Victoria R. Tenge Kosuke Murakami Umesh Karandikar Shih-Ching Lin B. Vijayalakshmi Ayyar Nicolas W. Cortes-Penfield Kei Haga Frederick H. Neill Antone R. Opekun James R. Broughman Xi-Lei Zeng Sarah E. Blutt Sue E. Crawford Sasirekha Ramani David Y. Graham Robert L. Atmar Noroviruses, in the genus Norovirus, are a significant cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals. For almost 50 years, the lack of a cultivation system for human noroviruses (HuNoVs) was a major barrier to understanding virus biology and the development of effective antiviral strategies. This review presents a historical perspective of the development of a cultivation system for HuNoVs in human intestinal epithelial cell cultures. Successful cultivation was based on the discovery of genetically-encoded host factors required for infection, knowledge of the site of infection in humans, and advances in the cultivation of human intestinal epithelial cells achieved by developmental and stem cell biologists. The human stem cell-derived enteroid cultivation system recapitulates the multicellular, physiologically active human intestinal epithelium, and allows studies of virus-specific replication requirements, evaluation of human host-pathogen int...
Source: Viruses - Category: Virology Authors: Tags: Review Source Type: research