Exploitation of apple pomace towards extraction of triterpenic acids, antioxidant potential, cytotoxic effects, and inhibition of clinically important enzymes.

Exploitation of apple pomace towards extraction of triterpenic acids, antioxidant potential, cytotoxic effects, and inhibition of clinically important enzymes. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Jun 11;:110563 Authors: Nile SH, Nile A, Liu J, Kim DH, Kai G Abstract Apple pomace (AP) utilised for analysis of triterpenic acids (TTAs) using HPLC-MS/MS. The methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed high phenolic content with significant antioxidant activity compared to chloroform and n-hexane. AP TTAs; ursolic acid, betulinic acid and maslinic acid showed potent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. The IC50 values were 13.2-30.8 μg/mL (tyrosinase), 19.6-42.5 μg/mL (xanthine oxidase) and 16.6-38.6 μg/mL (urease) for AP extracts and 8.4-25.8 μg/mL (tyrosinase), 12.6-30.2 μg/mL (xanthine oxidase) and 10.1-28.6 μg/mL (urease) for TTAs, compared to the positive controls; kojic acid (10.4 ± 0.06 μg/mL), allopurinol (9.6 ± 0.04 μg/mL) and thiourea (8.9 ± 0.02 μg/mL) towards respective enzymes. UA showed a competitive type of inhibition for tyrosinase, while BA showed a noncompetitive type of inhibition towards xanthine oxidase. In addition, the AP extracts and TTAs exerted significant cytotoxic effects towards the proliferation of cancer cell lines. AP methanol extract (IC50 of 38.5 ± 4.1, 47.1 ± 3.5, 70.6 ± 2.3, and 50.5 ± 3.9 μg/mL) and ursolic acid (IC50 of 6.5 ± 0.7,...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - Category: Food Science Authors: Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: research