Reduction of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in cholangiocarcinoma by ex-vivo targeting immune checkpoint molecules

Liver cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.[1] Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) accounts for 10% of primary liver cancers and the incidence is significantly increasing. CCA is an aggressive hepatobiliary malignancy originating from the biliary tract epithelium with features of cholangiocyte differentiation.[2] It is classified into the following types according to its anatomic location along the biliary tree: intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA) and distal (dCCA).

Source: Journal of Hepatology - June 9, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Guoying Zhou, Dave Sprengers, Shanta Mancham, Remco Erkens, Patrick P.C. Boor, Adriaan A. van Beek, Michail Doukas, Lisanne Noordam, Lucia Campos Carrascosa, Valeska de Ruiter, Roelof W.F. van Leeuwen, Wojciech G. Polak, Jeroen de Jonge, Bas Groot Koerkam Source Type: research