Lipidomic biomarkers and mechanisms of lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Lipidomic biomarkers and mechanisms of lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019 May 29;: Authors: Svegliati-Baroni G, Pierantonelli I, Torquato P, Marinelli R, Ferreri C, Chatgilialoglu C, Bartolini D, Galli F Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common form of chronic liver disease worldwide (about 25% of the general population); and 3-5% of patients develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by hepatocytes damage, inflammation and/or fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis and/or develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of NAFLD, particularly the mechanisms whereby a minority of patients develop a more severe phenotype is still incompletely understood. In this review we examine the available literature on initial mechanisms of hepatocellular damage and inflammation, deriving from toxic effects of excess lipids. Accumulating data indicate that the total amount of triglycerides stored in hepatocytes is not the major determinant of lipotoxicity and that specific lipid classes act as damaging agents on liver cells. These lipotoxic agents affect the cell behavior via multiple mechanisms, including activation of death receptors, endoplasmic reticulum stress, modification of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. The role of gut microbiota, which provides signals through the intestine, in lipotoxicity is also described. Finally, ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - Category: Biology Authors: Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research