Effect measure modification conceptualized using selection diagrams as medication by mechanisms of varying population-level relevance

We are often confronted in public health by associations that vary by population or sub-population. Much effort has focused on the statistical and biological interpretation of such effect measure modification (EMM) because of the importance to public health. However, EMM remains difficult to conceptualize because it apparently violates everyday understanding of causes as usually acting consistently, making it difficult to predict when EMM may occur and raises questions about how to determine the external validity of interventions without extensive re-testing by population or sub-population.
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - Category: Epidemiology Authors: Tags: Original Article Source Type: research