Glutamate Transport System as a Key Constituent of Glutamosome: Molecular Pathology and Pharmacological Modulation in Chronic Pain.

Glutamate Transport System as a Key Constituent of Glutamosome: Molecular Pathology and Pharmacological Modulation in Chronic Pain. Neuropharmacology. 2019 Apr 29;: Authors: Gegelashvili G, Bjerrum OJ Abstract Neural uptake of glutamate is executed by the structurally related members of the SLC1A family of solute transporters: GLAST /EAAT1, GLT-1 /EAAT2, EAAC1 /EAAT3, EAAT4, ASCT2. These plasma membrane proteins ensure supply of glutamate, aspartate and some neutral amino acids, including glutamine and cysteine, for synthetic, energetic and signaling purposes, whereas effective removal of glutamate from the synaptic cleft shapes excitatory neurotransmission and prevents glutamate toxicity. Glutamate transporters (GluTs) possess also receptor-like properties and can directly initiate signal transduction. GluTs are physically linked to other glutamate signaling-, transporting- and metabolizing molecules (e.g., glutamine transporters SNAT3 and ASCT2, glutamine synthetase, NMDA receptor, synaptic vesicles), as well as cellular machineries fueling the transmembrane transport of glutamate (e.g., ion gradient-generating Na/K-ATPase, glycolytic enzymes, mitochondrial membrane- and matrix proteins, glucose transporters). We designate this supramolecular functional assembly as 'glutamosome'. GluTs play important roles in the molecular pathology of chronic pain, due to the predominantly glutamatergic nature of nociceptive signalling in the spin...
Source: Neuropharmacology - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research