HPV ‐vaccination and cancer cervical screening in 53 WHO European Countries: An update on prevention programs according to income level

Countries with high income, adopting vaccination and screening programs, have low incidence and mortality rates respect to those with lower ‐middle income. Eastern European and Asian Countries have lower‐middle income and show high incidence and mortality rates, indicating poor attention to prevention (primary and secondary). AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world. The aim of our study is to describe the differences in HPV ‐vaccination coverage and screening programs in WHO European Countries notably according to income levels. Multiple correspondence analysis was applied to examine the association among the following variables: Gross National Income (GNI) levels (Lower‐Middle Income, LMI; Upper‐Middle Income, U MI; and High Income, HI); type of CC screening program (coverage; opportunistic/organized); vaccination payment policies (free or partial or total charge); mortality rates/100 000 (≤3;>3 ‐6;>6 ‐9;>9); incidence rates/100  000 (≤7;>7 ‐15;>15 ‐21;>21). Data HPV ‐vaccination start (years) (2006‐2008; 2009‐2011; 2012‐2014;>2014; no program); coverage HPV ‐vaccination percentage (≤25; 26‐50; 51‐75;>75); data screening start (years) (<1960; 1960 ‐1980; 1981‐2000;>2000); primary screening test (HPV, cytology), and screening coverage percentage ( ≤25;>25 ‐50;>50 ‐75;>75). A high income is associated with: start of screening before 1...
Source: Cancer Medicine - Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Source Type: research