Outcomes and Long-term Follow-up of Patients with Cystine Stones: a Systematic Review

AbstractPurpose of ReviewCystine stone patients can be difficult to manage with frequent recurrences. We performed a systematic review with a view to assessing interventions, compliance and their long-term outcomes.Recent FindingsTen retrospective observational studies (253 patients) assessed the outcomes and long-term follow-up of cystine stone patients. The mean length of follow-up was 9.6  years (range 3.5–21.8 years). The overall mean number of surgical procedures/patient was 5.7 (range 2–9.8/patient) with the overall mean number of surgical procedures/patient/year at 0.59 (range 0.22–1.32/patient/year). While open surgery has decreased over the last decade and PCNL has been stable, there seems to be a rise of RIRS during this period.SummaryPatients with cystine stones need periodic interventions for stone recurrences despite medical management, with limited data showing the impact on renal function. While the management is individualised, wide variability exists with often poor and incomplete patient data.
Source: Current Urology Reports - Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research