Optical Regulation of Class C GPCRs by Photoswitchable Orthogonal Remotely Tethered Ligands.

Optical Regulation of Class C GPCRs by Photoswitchable Orthogonal Remotely Tethered Ligands. Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1947:103-136 Authors: Acosta-Ruiz A, Broichhagen J, Levitz J Abstract G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to a wide range of extracellular cues to initiate complex downstream signaling cascades that control myriad aspects of cell function. Despite a long-standing appreciation of their importance to both basic physiology and disease treatment, it remains a major challenge to understand the dynamic activation patterns of GPCRs and the mechanisms by which they modulate biological processes at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Unfortunately, classical methods of pharmacology and genetic knockout are often unable to provide the requisite precision needed to probe such questions. This is an especially pressing challenge for the class C GPCR family which includes receptors for the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, which signal in a rapid, spatially-delimited manner and contain many different subtypes whose roles are difficult to disentangle. The desire to manipulate class C GPCRs with spatiotemporal precision, genetic targeting, and subtype specificity has led to the development of a variety of photopharmacological tools. Of particular promise are the photoswitchable orthogonal remotely tethered ligands ("PORTLs") which attach to self-labeling tags that are genetically enc...
Source: Molecular Medicine - Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Tags: Methods Mol Biol Source Type: research