Calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Myths and realities with regard to cardiovascular risk.

Calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Myths and realities with regard to cardiovascular risk. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2019 Apr 08;: Authors: Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Altieri B, Di Somma C, Bhattoa H, Laudisio D, Duval GT, Pugliese G, Annweiler C, Orio F, Fakhouri H, Savastano S, Colao A Abstract Vitamin D and calcium are considered crucial for the treatment of bone diseases. Both vitamin D and calcium contribute to bone homeostasis but also preserve muscle health by reducing the risk of falls and fractures. Low vitamin D concentrations result in secondary hyperparathyroidism and contribute to bone loss, although the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism varies, even in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency. Findings from observational studies have shown controversial results regarding to the association between bone mineral density and vitamin D/calcium status, thus sparking a debate regarding optimum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium for the best possible skeletal health. Although most of intervention studies reported a positive effect of supplementation with calcium and vitamin D on bone in patients with osteoporosis, this therapeutic approach has been a matter of debate regarding potential side effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system. Thus, the aim of this review is to consider the current evidence on the physiological role of vitamin D and calcium on bone and muscle health. Moreover, we provide an overvi...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research