Pathogenesis of Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type II: New Concepts Involving Anion Channels

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe application of advanced genetic techniques has recently begun to unravel the genetic basis for familial primary aldosteronism type 2 (FH-II).Recent FindingsWhole-exome sequencing in a large family with FH-II revealed a shared rare damaging heterozygous variant inCLCN2 (chr.3: g.184075850C>T, p.Arg172Gln) in three severely affected members. The gene encodes a chloride channel, ClC-2. A cohort of 80 unrelated individuals diagnosed with early-onset primary aldosteronism was also examined forCLCN2 mutations finding three further occurrences of p.Arg172Gln mutations and four single cases of other potentially damaging heterozygous mutations for an overall prevalence of 9.9%. A concurrent report also found a differentCLCN2 mutation (p.Gly24Asp) in a single severely affected patient from a cohort of 12 with early-onset PA for a prevalence of 8.3%. Cases of primary aldosteronism associated withCLCN2 mutations appear to be bilateral and respond well to medical treatment. In the adrenal, ClC-2 has been demonstrated to localize predominantly to the zona glomerulosa (ZG), and functional analysis suggests that mutations in ClC-2 predispose ZG cells to depolarization, thus leading to calcium influx via activation of voltage-gated calcium channels and increased aldosterone production.SummaryGermlineCLCN2 mutations appear to account for a substantial proportion of early-onset primary aldosteronism cases, and genetic testing for mutations in this gene should be ...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - Category: Primary Care Source Type: research