Response control correlates of anomalous basal ganglia morphology in boys, but not girls, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This study expands upon recent evidence of sex differences in subcortical morphology and motor response control deficits among children with ADHD to examine basal ganglia volume and shape in relation to motor response control. Participants included 8-12 year-old children with ADHD (n = 52, 21 girls) and typically developing (TD) controls (n = 45, 19 girls). High resolution T1-weighted 3D MPRAGE images covering the whole brain were acquired for all participants on a 3 T scanner. Participants performed two computer-based go/no-go tasks that differed in the extent to which working memory was necessary to guide response selection. Shape-based morphometric analyses were performed in addition to traditional volumetric comparisons and correlations with measures of motor response control were examined. Boys with ADHD consistently demonstrated increased commission error rate and response variability, regardless of task demands, suggesting broad response control deficits. In contrast, response control deficits among girls with ADHD varied depending on task demands and performance measures. Volumetric reductions and inward deformation (compression) on the dorsal surface of the globus pallidus and within subregions of the putamen receiving projections from limbic, executive and motor cortices were observed in boys, but not girls, with ADHD relative to TD children. Mediation analyses revealed that putamen and globus pallidus volumes mediated the relationship between diagnosis an...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - Category: Neurology Authors: Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research