Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce endothelial cell apoptosis via cell membrane oxidative damage and p38, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB signaling pathways modulation

ConclusionsTaken together, this study confirmed the effects of TiO2 NPs on endothelial cells and proposed multiple underlying mechanisms including cell membrane oxidative damage and intracellular processes.Graphical abstract
Source: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology - Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research