Venenum bufonis: An overview of its traditional use, natural product chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology

ConclusionsAlthough VB possesses significant anti-tumor effect against various cancer cell lines, the development of new drugs still remains to be a challenge due to its pharmacodynamic effects in vivo, druggability and toxicology. The main problem lies in its side effects in vivo, poor bioavailability, fast metabolism, cardiotoxicity and neurovirulence. Besides, studies on its metabolism and toxicology in vitro and in vivo, as well as clinical trials should be further conducted for the new drug development and the establishment of optimal dosage of consumption of its administration.Graphical abstract
Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research