[Cutaneous leishmaniasis].

[Cutaneous leishmaniasis]. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2019 Mar 14;: Authors: Mokni M Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection caused by a flagellated parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania. In most cases, it is a zoonotic disease transmitted via a bite by bloodsucking sand-flies of the genus Phlebotomus. The disease reservoirs consist of wild or semi-domesticated animals, generally rodents or dogs. The disease itself is distributed extensively worldwide in the Americas, Asia, Europe and Africa. Epidemiology is affected by environmental, migratory and climatic factors. Identification of the different types of leishmaniasis is based chiefly on the biochemical characteristics (isoenzymes) on which their classification is based. The offending parasites are dimorphic intracellular organisms within the phagosome of the host's immune cells, and a single-cell flagellated protozoan with a kinetoplast contained in the gut of the vector and in culture. Three major clinical forms are seen: cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis. The clinical presentation depends on factors associated with the virulence of the parasite, with individual immune response and with the site of lesions. Although each type of leishmaniasis may have its own specific cutaneous signs and endemic regions, the most common presentations are crusted, ulcerated nodules and plaques. The natural history of leishmaniasis must als...
Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie - Category: Dermatology Authors: Tags: Ann Dermatol Venereol Source Type: research