Chronic Inflammation Permanently Reshapes Tissue-Resident Immunity in Celiac Disease

Publication date: Available online 7 February 2019Source: CellAuthor(s): Toufic Mayassi, Kristin Ladell, Herman Gudjonson, James E. McLaren, Dustin G. Shaw, Mai T. Tran, Jagoda J. Rokicka, Ian Lawrence, Jean-Christophe Grenier, Vincent van Unen, Cezary Ciszewski, Matthew Dimaano, Hoda E. Sayegh, Vinod Kumar, Cisca Wijmenga, Peter H.R. Green, Ranjana Gokhale, Hilary Jericho, Carol E. Semrad, Stefano GuandaliniSummaryTissue-resident lymphocytes play a key role in immune surveillance, but it remains unclear how these inherently stable cell populations respond to chronic inflammation. In the setting of celiac disease (CeD), where exposure to dietary antigen can be controlled, gluten-induced inflammation triggered a profound depletion of naturally occurring Vγ4+/Vδ1+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) with innate cytolytic properties and specificity for the butyrophilin-like (BTNL) molecules BTNL3/BTNL8. Creation of a new niche with reduced expression of BTNL8 and loss of Vγ4+/Vδ1+ IELs was accompanied by the expansion of gluten-sensitive, interferon-γ-producing Vδ1+ IELs bearing T cell receptors (TCRs) with a shared non-germline-encoded motif that failed to recognize BTNL3/BTNL8. Exclusion of dietary gluten restored BTNL8 expression but was insufficient to reconstitute the physiological Vγ4+/Vδ1+ subset among TCRγδ+ IELs. Collectively, these data show that chronic inflammation permanently reconfigures the tissue-resident TCRγδ+ IEL compartment in CeD.Video AbstractG...

Source: Cell - February 8, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research