The expression and functional roles of miRNAs in embryonic and lineage-specific stem cells.

The expression and functional roles of miRNAs in embryonic and lineage-specific stem cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Jan 23;: Authors: Farzaneh M, Alishahi M, Derakhshan Z, Sarani NH, Attari F, Khoshnam SE Abstract The discovery of small non-coding RNAs opened an interesting era in cellular and molecular biology. To date, miRNAs are the best recognized non-coding RNAs for maintenance and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells including embryonic stem cells (ES), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), and cancer stem cells. ES cells are defined by their ability to self-renew, teratoma formation, and to produce numerous types of differentiated cells. Dual capacity of ES cells for self-renewal and differentiation is controlled by specific interaction with the neighboring cells and intrinsic signaling pathways from the level of transcription to translation. The ES cells have been the suitable model for evaluating the function of non-coding RNAs and in specific miRNAs. So far the general function of the miRNAs in ES cells has been assessed in mammalian and non-mammalian stem cells. Nowadays, the evolution of sequencing technology led to the discovery of numerous miRNAs in human and mouse ES cells that their expression levels significantly changes during proliferation and differentiation. Several miRNAs have been identified in ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm cells, as well. This review would focus on recent knowledge about the exp...
Source: Current Stem Cell Research and Therapy - Category: Stem Cells Authors: Tags: Curr Stem Cell Res Ther Source Type: research