New windows into the brain: Central nervous system-derived extracellular vesicles in blood

Publication date: Available online 25 January 2019Source: Progress in NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Min Shi, Lifu Sheng, Tessandra Stewart, Cyrus P. Zabetian, Jing ZhangAbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and (shedding) microvesicles, are released by nearly all cell types and carry a cargo of proteins and nucleic acids that varies by the cell of origin. They are thought to play critical roles in normal central nervous system (CNS) function and neurological disorders. A recently revealed key characteristic of EVs is that they may travel between the CNS and peripheral circulation. This property has led to intense interest in how EVs might serve as a vehicle for toxic protein clearance and as a readily accessible source of biomarkers for CNS disorders. Furthermore, by bypassing the blood-brain barrier, modified EVs could serve as a unique drug delivery system that targets specific neuronal populations. Further work is necessary to develop and optimize techniques that enable high-yield capture of relevant EV populations, analyze individual EVs and their cargos, and validate preliminary results of EV-derived biomarkers in independent cohorts.
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research