Molecules, Vol. 23, Pages 3287: From the Eukaryotic Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis to the Moonlighting Enzyme mARC

Molecules, Vol. 23, Pages 3287: From the Eukaryotic Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis to the Moonlighting Enzyme mARC Molecules doi: 10.3390/molecules23123287 Authors: Manuel Tejada-Jimenez Alejandro Chamizo-Ampudia Victoria Calatrava Aurora Galvan Emilio Fernandez Angel Llamas All eukaryotic molybdenum (Mo) enzymes contain in their active site a Mo Cofactor (Moco), which is formed by a tricyclic pyranopterin with a dithiolene chelating the Mo atom. Here, the eukaryotic Moco biosynthetic pathway and the eukaryotic Moco enzymes are overviewed, including nitrate reductase (NR), sulfite oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, aldehyde oxidase, and the last one discovered, the moonlighting enzyme mitochondrial Amidoxime Reducing Component (mARC). The mARC enzymes catalyze the reduction of hydroxylated compounds, mostly N-hydroxylated (NHC), but as well of nitrite to nitric oxide, a second messenger. mARC shows a broad spectrum of NHC as substrates, some are prodrugs containing an amidoxime structure, some are mutagens, such as 6-hydroxylaminepurine and some others, which most probably will be discovered soon. Interestingly, all known mARC need the reducing power supplied by different partners. For the NHC reduction, mARC uses cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase, however for the nitrite reduction, plant mARC uses NR. Despite the functional importance of mARC enzymatic reactions, the structural mechanism of its Moco-mediated catalysis is starting to be revealed. We...
Source: Molecules - Category: Chemistry Authors: Tags: Review Source Type: research
More News: Molybdenum