Cholesterol Biosensors: A review

Publication date: Available online 10 December 2018Source: SteroidsAuthor(s): Vinay Narwal, Ritu Deswal, Bhawna Batra, Vijay Kalra, Ritu Hooda, Minakshi Sharma, J.S. RanaAbstractCholesterol is the most important sterol synthesized by most of the human cells majorly in the liver. It is a necessary constituent of cell membranes, it acts as a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids. Cholesterol is transported in plasma primarily in the form of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), the principal route for its removal from tissues to the liver is in high-density lipoproteins (HDL), followed by excretion in the bile. Cholesterol level is less than 200 mg/dL in healthy persons. 200 and 239 mg/dL is considered borderline high and 240 mg/dL and above is considered a biomarker for cardiovascular diseases, heart attack, strokes, peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. Several methods are available for detection of cholesterol, among them, most are burdensome, time-consuming, require sample pre-treatment, high-cost instrumental set-up, and experienced personnel to operate. Biosensing approach overcomes these disadvantages, as these are highly specific, fast, easy, cost-effective, and highly sensitive. This chapter describes the various cholesterol biosensors. Cholesterol biosensors work ideally within 1 to 300 s, in pH range, 7.0-8.6, temperature 25-37°C and cholesterol concentration range, 0.000025-700 mM, the detection limits ...
Source: Steroids - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research