A modified method of local infiltration for endoscopic stapes surgery: how I do it

ConclusionsThis is the first report on the use of a MMLI for endoscopic stapes surgery. Using this method, the surgeon performs the infiltration at one site and concurrently observes the vasoconstriction signs without the use of a microscope, frontal lamp or speculum. This method provides benefits in terms of operative time and complications.

Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - December 10, 2018 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research