Role of the CD200-CD200R axis during homeostasis and neuroinflammation

Publication date: Available online 24 October 2018Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Gemma Manich, Mireia Recasens, Tony Valente, Beatriz Almolda, Berta González, Bernardo CastellanoAbstractMicroglia are considered to be the resident macrophages of the CNS and main effector of immune brain function. Due to their essential role in the regulation of neuroinflammatory response, microglia constitute an important target for neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease. The communication between neurons and microglia contributes to a proper maintenance of homeostasis in the CNS. Research developed in the last decade has demonstrated that this interaction is mediated by “Off-signals” –molecules exerting immune inhibition–, and “On signals” -molecules triggering immune activation. Among “Off signals”, molecular pair CD200 and its CD200R receptor, expressed mainly in the membrane of neurons and microglia, respectively, have centred our attention due to its unexplored and powerful immunoregulatory functions. In this review, we will offer an updated global view of the CD200-CD200R role in the microglia-neuron crosstalk during homeostasis and neuroinflammation. Specifically, the effects of CD200-CD200R in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory microglial activation will be explained, and their involvement in other functions such as homeostasis preservation, tissue repair, and brain aging, among others, will be pointed out. In addition...

Source: Neuroscience - October 25, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research