Helicobacter pylori evasion strategies of the host innate and adaptive immune responses to survive and develop gastrointestinal disease

Publication date: Available online 6 October 2018Source: Microbiological ResearchAuthor(s): Ahmad Karkhah, Soheil Ebrahimpour, Maryam Rostamtabar, Veerendra Koppolu, Sorena Darvish, Veneela Krishna Rekha Vasigala, Majid Validi, Hamid Reza NouriAbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterial pathogen that resides in more than half of the human population and has co-evolved with humans for more than 58000 years. This bacterium is orally transmitted during childhood and is a key cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and two malignant cancers including MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma and adenocarcinoma. Despite the strong innate and adaptive immune responses, H. pylori has a long-term survival in the gastric mucosa. In addition to the virulence factors, survival of H. pylori is strongly influenced by the ability of bacteria to escape, disrupt and manipulate the host immune system. This bacterium can escape from recognition by innate immune receptors via altering its surface molecules. Moreover, H. pylori subverts adaptive immune response by modulation of effector T cell. In this review, we discuss the immune-pathogenicity of H. pylori by focusing on its ability to manipulate the innate and acquired immune responses to increase its survival in the gastric mucosa, leading up to gastrointestinal disorders. We also highlight the mechanisms that resulted to the persistence of H. pylori in gastric mucosa.
Source: Microbiological Research - Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research