Liver Toxicity in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Practical Approach

In the last decade, immunotherapy went from a constituent of tumors to a mainstay in the cancer treatment. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligands (PD-L1/PD-L2) as well as several new generation checkpoint inhibitors have proven to modulate the immune response towards cancer clearance among a variety of human malignancies and many have reached a solid placement in routine clinical practice.

Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - October 3, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Carmen Belli, Massimo Zuin, Luca Mazzarella, Dario Trapani, Paolo D ’Amico, Elena Guerini-Rocco, Bruno Achutti Duso, Giuseppe Curigliano Source Type: research