Mechanisms of Bacterial Tolerance and Persistence in the Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Environments.

Mechanisms of Bacterial Tolerance and Persistence in the Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Environments.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018 Oct;31(4):
Authors: Trastoy R, Manso T, Fernández-García L, Blasco L, Ambroa A, Pérez Del Molino ML, Bou G, García-Contreras R, Wood TK, Tomás M
Abstract
SUMMARYPathogens that infect the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are subjected to intense pressure due to the environmental conditions of the surroundings. This pressure has led to the development of mechanisms of bacterial tolerance or persistence which enable microorganisms to survive in these locations. In this review, we analyze the general stress response (RpoS mediated), reactive oxygen species (ROS) tolerance, energy metabolism, drug efflux pumps, SOS response, quorum sensing (QS) bacterial communication, (p)ppGpp signaling, and toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Helicobacter spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., and Clostridium difficile, all of which inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. The following respiratory tract pathogens are also considered: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Burkholderia cenocepacia, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms regulating the bacterial tolerance and persistence phenotypes is essential in the fight against multiresistant pathogens, as...

Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - August 4, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Trastoy R, Manso T, Fernández-García L, Blasco L, Ambroa A, Pérez Del Molino ML, Bou G, García-Contreras R, Wood TK, Tomás M Tags: Clin Microbiol Rev Source Type: research