Clinical and radiographic periodontal status and whole salivary cotinine, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in cigarette- and waterpipe-smokers and E-cig users

In conclusion, clinical and radiographic parameters of periodontal inflammation were poorer in cigarette and waterpipe smokers than E-cig users and never-smokers; and whole salivary cotinine levels were similar in all groups. Whole salivary IL-1β and IL-6 levels were higher in cigarette- and waterpipe-smokers than E-cig users and never-smokers.
Source: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology - Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research