Activated Mast Cells Mediate Low-Grade Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes: Interleukin-37 Could be Beneficial

Publication date: Available online 31 January 2018Source: Canadian Journal of DiabetesAuthor(s): Pio Conti, Gianpaolo Ronconi, Spyridon K. Kritas, Alessandro Caraffa, Theoharis C. TheoharidesAbstractMast cells (MCs) promote guest immune responses to parasites and play a critical role in allergic and inflammatory reactions. Once they have been activated, MCs release highly inflammatory compounds that can provoke serious pathologic signs that can lead to death. MCs generate a number of preformed, de novo synthesized compounds and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine synthesis in response to the high-affinity (Kd=10–10 M) immunoglobulin E receptor triggering. Circulating MC progenitors migrate into arterial intima and develop lesions, mediating inflammation. They are involved in several disorders, including metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, in which endothelial cells release several inflammatory compounds during acute and chronic vascular damage.Certain inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-33, not only are produced by MCs but also may activate them. These effects mediate systemic inflammatory responses in metabolic disorders.Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor, IL-33 and IL-6, secreted by MCs and other immune cells, contribute to insulin resistance by activating kinases. IL-37 (IL-1 family member 7), 1 of the latest cytokines discovered, binds the IL-18 receptor alpha (IL-18Rα) chain and suppresses innate and acquired i...
Source: Canadian Journal of Diabetes - Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research