Study of Insulin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticle Effects on TGF- β1 and Fibronectin Expression in Kidney Tissue of Type 1 Diabetic Rats

AbstractIn diabetes, the increasing blood glucose levels through oxidative stress, with increase in inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, such as TGF- β1, can cause long-term complications, including nephropathy. Subcutaneous injection of insulin is a common method used to treat Type 1 diabetes, which can lead to problems such as hypoglycemia and edema. In the present study, we examined the effect of insulin in its two injectable and oral forms o n the expression of TGF-β1 and fibronectin in kidney tissue of STZ diabetic rats. A total of 25 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: C: normal control, D: diabetic control, D+NP, oral insulin-loaded trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (8 IU/kg), and subcutaneously injected insulin (8  IU/kg). The groups were treated from 8th to 10th weeks. After 10 weeks, FBS was measured. Also, the TGF-β1 and fibronectin mRNA expression and serum TGF-β1 protein were examined in the kidney tissue. Structural changes in the kidney tissue were studied using H&E staining. After 10  weeks of diabetes induction, the rats showed significant change in blood glucose, weight, serum TGF-β1, Fibronectin and TGF-β1 expression of kidney in diabetic groups (p <  0.05). Oral insulin-loaded trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles treatment, similar to injected insulin, significantly ameliorate blood glucose and rats’ weight (p <  0.05). However, the reduction in fibronectin and TGF-β1 expression and serum TGF-β1 protein by...
Source: Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry - Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research