Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and the Sculpting of Embryonic Tissues.

Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and the Sculpting of Embryonic Tissues.
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2018;130:245-274
Authors: Dzamba BJ, DeSimone DW
Abstract
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are structurally and compositionally diverse networks of collagenous and noncollagenous glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and associated molecules that together comprise the metazoan matrisome. Proper deposition and assembly of ECM is of profound importance to cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, and the morphogenesis of tissues and organ systems that define sequential steps in the development of all animals. Importantly, it is now clear that the instructive influence of a particular ECM at various points in development reflects more than a simple summing of component parts; cellular responses also reflect the dynamic assembly and changing topology of embryonic ECM, which in turn affect its biomechanical properties. This review highlights recent advances in understanding how biophysical features attributed to ECM, such as stiffness and viscoelasticity, play important roles in the sculpting of embryonic tissues and the regulation of cell fates. Forces generated within cells and tissues are transmitted both through integrin-based adhesions to ECM, and through cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesions; the resulting short- and long-range deformations of embryonic tissues drive morphogenesis. This coordinate regulation of cell-ECM and cell-...

Source: Current Topics in Developmental Biology - June 2, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Dzamba BJ, DeSimone DW Tags: Curr Top Dev Biol Source Type: research