Whelping and Dystocia: Maximizing Success of Medical Management

Dystocia can be defined broadly as “difficult birth” or more specifically as difficulty in the bitch expelling the pups through the cervix, vagina, and vestibule. It is a fairly common emergency presented to the small animal practitioner with an incidence rate of approximately 5%. The incidence of dystocia is highest in toy and b rachycephalic breeds, and occurs frequently in small litters (
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Tags: Review Article Source Type: research