Current clinical topics of Lynch syndrome

AbstractLynch syndrome (LS) is one of the most common genetic cancer syndromes, occurring at a rate of 1 per 250 –1000 in the general population. This autosomal dominant disease is caused by a germline variant in one of the four mismatch repair genes,MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, PMS2, or theEPCAM gene. LS develops at early ages in colorectal cancer (CRC), endometrial cancer, and various other associated tumors. Accurate diagnosis of LS and utilization of various risk-reduction strategies such as surveillance, prophylactic surgery, and chemoprevention could improve clinical outcomes. The efficacy of surveillance has only been proven for CRC; however, specialists have proposed surveillance for other LS associated tumors. Universal screening for tumor tissue using microsatellite instability testing or the mismatch repair protein immunochemistry in all CRC or endometrial cancers is recommended not only as a diagnostic tool for LS, but also as a predictive, prognostic, and therapeutic marker. Next-generation sequencing methods have revealed several conditions with phenotypes similar to LS, such as Lynch-like syndrome, constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome, and polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis. Distinguishing LS from these similar conditions is clinically important, since clinical management for patients differs according to the conditions. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been shown to be a promising treatment against mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) sol...
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research