Various Signaling Pathways in Multiple Myeloma Cells and Effects of Treatment on These Pathways

Publication date: Available online 17 March 2018 Source:Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia Author(s): Ali Dehghanifard, Saeid Kaviani, Saeid Abroun, Mahshad Mehdizadeh, Sajedeh Saiedi, Amirhosein Maali, Sasan Ghaffari, Mehdi Azad Multiple myeloma (MM) results from malignancy in plasma cells and occurs at ages > 50 years. MM is the second most common hematologic malignancy after non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which constitutes 1% of all malignancies. Despite the great advances in the discovery of useful drugs for this disease such as dexamethasone and bortezomib, it is still an incurable malignancy owing to the development of drug resistance. The tumor cells develop resistance to apoptosis, resulting in greater cell survival, and, ultimately, develop drug resistance by changing the various signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. We have reviewed the different signaling pathways in MM cells. We reached the conclusion that the most important factor in the drug resistance in MM patients is caused by the bone marrow microenvironment with production of adhesion molecules and cytokines. Binding of tumor cells to stromal cells prompts cytokine production of stromal cells and launches various signaling pathways such as Janus-activated kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription, Ras/Raf/MEK/mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/AKT, and NF-KB, which ultimately lead to the high sur...
Source: Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia - Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research