Mechanisms of allergic diseases in Otorhinolaryngology.

Mechanisms of allergic diseases in Otorhinolaryngology. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2018 Jan-Feb;32(1 Suppl. 1):9-12 Authors: Ridolo E, Martignago I, Masieri S Abstract Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity disease caused by inhalation of an allergen to which the patients is sensitized. Etiopathogenesis of AR comprises a sensitization phase, an immediate phase and a late phase. In the sensitization phase, inhaled allergens are processed in peptides and come into contact with the nasal mucosa cells. Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs), especially represented by Dendritic Cells (DCs), capture them through the interaction with their own MHC class II complexes and migrate to lymph nodes. Then, allergenic peptides are presented to naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes and a differentiation of T cells in Th2 subset takes place. After Th2 lymphocyte induction due to allergen exposure, the most relevant cytokines that are produced are represented by IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 that are able to promote IgE synthesis and mast cell proliferation. The allergen reaction, when allergen meets its specific IgEs on mast cells surface, causes an early inflammatory reaction determined by mast cells and basophils degranulation with release of preformed mediators from the intracellular granules, resulting in symptoms such as rhinorrhea, itching and sneezing. This phase is followed by a late phase characterized by the release of newly f...
Source: Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents - Category: Biomedical Science Tags: J Biol Regul Homeost Agents Source Type: research