Is the effect of postpartum depression on mother-infant bonding universal?

Conclusion The prevalence of PPD was higher than previously reported at day 2–3 post-delivery, but lower at 10–12 weeks postpartum. Impaired mother- infant bonding was associated older mothers, history of depression, low social support and BDI-II scores above 20 which should alert practitioner to assessing these factors in post-partum mothers.
Source: Infant Behavior and Development - Category: Child Development Source Type: research